These are constant and mandatory fees, which we cannot exclude whether the conference is held VIRTUALLY or IN-PERSON (Physical).

As we all know there are registration fee and costs required even for the societies and academic organizations for running conferences/meetings, and they are supported by various funding agencies, commercial bodies and other supporting institutions however, their costs are normally utilized for the institutional infrastructure (IT support, computers, software program licenses, administrators, workplace space, etc.), staff salaries and grants for event bodies.